文件操作

Python 提供了丰富的文件操作功能，可以轻松地读取和写入文件。

读取文件

# 方法1：使用 with 语句（推荐）
with open('example.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
    content = file.read()  # 读取整个文件
    print(content)

# 方法2：逐行读取
with open('example.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
    for line in file:
        print(line.strip())  # strip() 去除换行符

# 方法3：读取所有行到列表
with open('example.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
    lines = file.readlines()
    print(lines)

写入文件

# 写入文本（覆盖模式）
with open('output.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
    file.write("Hello, Python!\n")
    file.write("这是第二行\n")

# 追加模式
with open('output.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as file:
    file.write("这是追加的内容\n")

# 写入多行
lines = ["第一行\n", "第二行\n", "第三行\n"]
with open('output.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
    file.writelines(lines)

JSON 文件处理

import json

# 写入 JSON 文件
data = {
    "name": "张三",
    "age": 25,
    "hobbies": ["阅读", "编程", "旅行"]
}

with open('data.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
    json.dump(data, file, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)

# 读取 JSON 文件
with open('data.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
    loaded_data = json.load(file)
    print(loaded_data)